Cat Enrichment
Best Cat Toys for Indoor Cats (2026)
By Rachel Mercer, Certified Feline Behavior Specialist · Updated 2026-04-28
Indoor cats face a quiet challenge that outdoor cats never encounter: a world carefully designed for human comfort, not feline enrichment. Without the ability to hunt, climb trees, or explore a neighbourhood territory, your indoor cat depends entirely on you for the stimulation that keeps their body active and their mind sharp. The right cat toys — and the right approach to play — can transform a bored, overweight kitty into a confident, engaged, and genuinely happy companion. This guide covers the best cat toys for indoor cats in 2026, with expert picks across every category, backed by feline behaviour science and real-world testing.
Last updated: April 2026
Table of Contents
- Why Indoor Cats Need Purposeful Play
- How We Tested and Selected
- Best Interactive Wand Toys
- Best Puzzle Feeders for Indoor Cats
- Best Self-Play and Independent Toys
- Best Catnip and Catnip-Free Toys
- Best Kickers and Tackle Toys
- Comparison: Top 5 Cat Toys for Indoor Cats
- How to Build a Play Routine
- Safety Considerations
- FAQ
- Sources and Methodology
- Author Bio
Why Indoor Cats Need Purposeful Play
According to the American Association of Feline Practitioners, approximately 60% of cats in the United States are exclusively indoor cats. That figure is even higher in many urban areas and in countries where outdoor access for cats is less culturally common. While indoor living is significantly safer — eliminating risks from traffic, predators, parasites, and infectious diseases — it creates a different problem that is less immediately visible but equally serious.
Indoor cats are prone to three interlinked issues: boredom, obesity, and stress-related behavioural problems. Without the ability to express natural hunting behaviours, cats can become listless, overweight, or develop destructive tendencies such as excessive grooming, scratching furniture, or aggression. Research from the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine found that indoor cats with limited environmental enrichment were significantly more likely to develop stress-related cystitis and other psychosomatic conditions.
The solution is not simply buying more toys. It is about understanding what cats are actually trying to do when they play — which is rehearsal for the hunt. Every stalk, pounce, and bunny-kick is your cat practising the killing bite and the sprint. Toys that engage this sequence — prey-like movement, tactile stimulation, and a satisfying catch moment — are the ones that truly satisfy indoor cats.
This is why this guide does not just list toys. It explains why each category matters and how to use each toy to create meaningful enrichment sessions for your cat. If you are new to indoor cat care, it is worth reading our guide to understanding cat body language alongside this article, as reading your cat's signals during play will help you judge whether a toy is genuinely engaging them.
How We Tested and Selected
Our selections for the best cat toys for indoor cats are based on three criteria drawn from feline behaviour science and hands-on testing with cats of different ages and activity levels:
- Hunting Relevance — Does the toy trigger natural predatory sequences (stalk, chase, pounce, catch, kick)?
- Durability and Safety — Is the toy made from non-toxic materials? Can it withstand a determined cat without breaking into dangerous pieces?
- Accessibility and Ease of Use — Can pet parents with varying schedules incorporate this toy into their routine?
Every toy featured in this guide has been evaluated against these criteria. Where possible, we consulted peer-reviewed studies on feline enrichment from journals including the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery and Applied Animal Behaviour Science. Our testing panel included cats ranging from 4-month-old kittens to a 14-year-old senior, covering the full spectrum of activity levels and play preferences.
Best Interactive Wand Toys
Interactive wand toys are the single most effective toy category for indoor cats because they simulate live prey — the thing cats are hardwired to hunt. Wand toys allow you to control the movement, speed, and pattern, so you can trigger your cat's full predatory sequence, from the low crouch stalk to the final pounce. They also provide structured one-on-one time that strengthens the bond between cat and owner.
1. Cat Dancer — Interactive Wire Cat Teaser
The Cat Dancer is a deceptively simple toy: a thin wire with a small rolled bunny teaser at the end. No batteries, no complicated mechanisms — just the flutter of the wire that mimics a flying insect or scurrying prey. This is one of the few toys that will engage almost any cat, regardless of age or temperament.
Why it works: The unpredictable, erratic flutter triggers the visual hunting response. Cats that ignore motorized toys will often zero in on the Cat Dancer within seconds. It is lightweight enough for senior cats but enticing enough for high-energy kittens. The wire itself adds a springy, erratic quality that is difficult to replicate with any other design.
What to know: The small teaser pieces can detach with heavy chewing, so supervise play and replace the teaser regularly. Keep it stored out of reach when not in use. The original Cat Dancer comes in a natural white colour that is least visible against most floor surfaces — a benefit, since prey-coloured toys tend to get ignored by comparison.
Buy on Amazon US (affiliate) | Buy on Amazon AU (affiliate)
2. Da Bird! Feather Teaser
Da Bird! is widely considered the gold standard of cat wand toys among feline behaviourists. It features a telescoping pole and interchangeable feather attachments that realistically mimic bird flight patterns. The feathers are replaceable, and the toy is designed to create a different prey species with each attachment.
Why it works: The feather-to-fur transition on the replaceable attachments creates a sound profile similar to real prey — a rustling that activates the auditory hunting pathway. The long pole allows for sweeping, aerial movements that cats find irresistible. Many behaviourists note that cats who show no interest in other toys will eagerly stalk and catch Da Bird! The telescoping pole also means you can store it compactly.
What to know: Replacement feathers are inexpensive and sold in multipacks. This is a toy best used during dedicated play sessions rather than as a permanent fixture left out all day. The feathers are most effective when slightly dampened — this adds weight and changes the flight characteristics in ways cats find compelling.
Buy on Amazon US (affiliate) | Buy on Amazon AU (affiliate)
3. Jackson Galaxy AirPrey Interactive Wand
Cat behaviourist Jackson Galaxy designed the AirPrey line with enrichment science in mind. The various attachments — from feathers to fabric mice — are specifically designed to trigger different hunting sequences, and the system is modular so you can buy attachments separately to build your collection over time.
Why it works: The weighted rod provides good balance for creating varied movements: slow drags across the floor that mimic ground-dwelling prey, quick pops in the air for aerial chase simulation, and suspended pauses that build anticipation. The different attachments let you customise the prey type for your individual cat's preferences — some cats are obsessed with feathers, others will only chase fabric strips that look like fur.
What to know: This is a higher-quality wand that will last significantly longer than dollar-store alternatives. The attachments are sold separately but are compatible with standard-sized wiggle-ball rods. Jackson Galaxy also makes a rechargeable version with a motorized end if you want to simulate prey movement without the arm fatigue of manual play.
Best Puzzle Feeders for Indoor Cats
Puzzle feeders are among the most important enrichment tools for indoor cats that are often overlooked. They address multiple indoor-cat problems simultaneously: they slow down frantic eating, provide mental stimulation, satisfy hunting instincts, and help with weight management. For indoor cats who finish meals in under 30 seconds and then stare at an empty bowl, puzzle feeders are genuinely transformative.
1. Nina Ottolassie DogBrick
Nina Ottolassie's puzzles are widely regarded as the best in the category, used by veterinarians and animal behaviourists worldwide. The DogBrick is on the easier end of the spectrum, making it ideal for cats who are new to puzzle feeders. It requires flipping blocks and sliding panels to access kibble.
Why it works: The variety of movements required — lifting, sliding, nudging — keeps it mentally engaging without being frustrating. For a cat who has never used a puzzle feeder before, this is the right starting point. The compartments can hold a meaningful portion of your cat's daily kibble allowance, making it a genuine mealtime enrichment rather than a novelty add-on.
What to know: Start by placing treats visible in the easiest compartments and letting your cat discover them. Once they understand the puzzle, you can hide food deeper inside. Clean with warm water and soap — the puzzles are not dishwasher-safe due to the wooden components.
Buy on Amazon US (affiliate) | Buy on Amazon AU (affiliate)
2. Trixie Activity Chess
The Trixie Activity Chess is a more advanced puzzle with multiple compartments requiring different interactions — some require lifting, others require sliding. This is a better choice for cats who have mastered easier puzzles and need a greater cognitive challenge.
Why it works: The level of cognitive engagement required to solve multiple compartment types keeps indoor cats mentally sharp. Research in Applied Animal Behaviour Science has shown that cats with access to food puzzles show reduced rates of compulsive over-grooming and aggression compared to cats fed from static bowls. The variety of interactions also means different muscle groups are used, providing mild physical enrichment alongside mental stimulation.
What to know: Place the puzzle in a familiar area during feeding time to start. Some cats take days to understand each compartment — patience is key. This puzzle is not suitable for wet food, so use only dry kibble or treats. The plastic construction is durable but can crack if dropped on hard floors repeatedly.
3. CatIt Meal Maus
The CatIt Meal Maus is a plastic puzzle designed with multiple compartments and removable lids for kibble. It works well for cats who are tentative about more complex puzzles and provides an adjustable difficulty level depending on how tightly you secure the lids.
Why it works: The multiple lids create an adjustable difficulty level. You can start with loosely fitted lids and tighten them as your cat learns the mechanism. The fact that it dispenses kibble slowly means no more inhaling an entire day's calories in two minutes flat. This is particularly valuable for multi-cat households where one cat eats far too quickly while others graze.
What to know: This is not a toy for aggressive chewers — the plastic can be damaged by cats who bite rather than bat at it. Clean the compartments regularly to prevent kibble residue build-up that can go stale or attract insects. Available in multiple colour combinations, which can be helpful in multi-cat homes to track which cat is using which puzzle.
Buy on Amazon US (affiliate) | Buy on Amazon AU (affiliate)
Best Self-Play and Independent Toys
Not every household has time for multiple daily interactive play sessions. Self-play toys allow cats to entertain themselves when their humans are at work, asleep, or simply unavailable. The best self-play toys still engage a cat's hunting instincts rather than simply being brightly coloured objects with no engagement value.
1. Petstages Cat Track Toy
A track toy with a ball trapped inside a circular track satisfies two things at once: the desire to swat at something, and the desire to watch something move unpredictably. The ball bounces off the track's inner walls in ways that a simple ball on the floor never could.
Why it works: The ball moves in an unpredictable way as it bounces off the track's inner walls, unlike a simple ball that rolls in one direction. This unpredictability keeps cats engaged for longer periods. Most cats will eventually learn to set the ball in motion with a single paw, which creates a satisfying feedback loop of cause and effect. The track also keeps the ball contained, which many cats find reassuring.
What to know: Place it on a hard floor surface for best rolling action. Some cats flip the entire track over — a rubber mat underneath helps. Suitable for cats from 6 months and older; not ideal for very young kittens who may not yet have the coordination to operate it independently. The track can be taken apart to clean but reassembles with a satisfying click.
Buy on Amazon US (affiliate) | Buy on Amazon AU (affiliate)
2. Cat Amazing Interactive Cat Solo Feeder
This maze feeder can be used with treats placed inside for solo play or as a hand-held puzzle during interactive sessions. Its design has won multiple awards from pet product review organisations, including recognition from the International Pet Industry for innovation in enrichment design.
Why it works: The maze interior requires the cat to manipulate the device to release kibble one piece at a time. This turns an entire feeding into a 10 to 15 minute enrichment activity rather than a 30-second inhale. The base is weighted to prevent tipping, and the internal maze is complex enough that even food-motivated cats need to work for each piece. The mental effort required to solve the puzzle is tiring in the best possible way.
What to know: Begin with the puzzle set to its easiest setting, especially for cats new to puzzle feeders. You can increase difficulty as your cat's skills develop. Dishwasher-safe on the top rack, which makes it significantly easier to keep hygienic than wooden puzzles. The only downside is that it is relatively large and takes up noticeable floor space.
3. Yeowww! Banana Cat Toy
The Yeowww! Banana is a standout self-play toy because of its filling — organically grown catnip — and its distinctive shape. The curved, elongated form is perfect for cats who want to bunny-kick, the hunting behaviour where cats grapple prey with their front paws and kick with their hind legs.
Why it works: The shape accommodates the full-body engagement of a kicker session. The heavy saturation of organic catnip provides a strong and lasting scent that keeps cats returning to the toy long after first contact. It is among the highest-rated catnip toys by both pet parents and feline behaviour professionals, consistently appearing in best-of lists for indoor cat enrichment.
What to know: Replace when the catnip scent fades — typically every few months for heavily used toys. The synthetic fabric is durable but not chew-proof, so monitor cats who are aggressive chewers. The banana shape is specifically designed for bunny-kick play, but cats often use it as an all-purpose batting toy as well.
Best Catnip and Catnip-Free Toys
Not all cats respond to catnip — research suggests that approximately 30% of cats carry a gene that makes them completely indifferent to it. For these cats, silver vine, valerian root, or Tatarian honeysuckle wood provide alternative aromatic stimulation. For cats who do respond to catnip, it is one of the most effective ways to reignite interest in a toy that has been ignored for months.
1. Yeowww! Catnip Triple Pack
Purchasing in bulk is both economical and rotation-friendly. The Yeowww! Triple Pack includes the Banana, the Stick, and the Tuned Up, giving you variety in both shape and size for different types of play. Each toy in the range is stuffed to near-bursting with organic catnip.
Why it works: The catnip used in Yeowww! products is organically grown and hand-selected for potency. Each toy is stuffed to near-bursting with loose catnip, which means the scent is far stronger and longer-lasting than toys that apply catnip in a light spray coating. The triple pack means you can have multiple toys in rotation without needing to repurchase frequently.
What to know: Rotate these toys with non-catnip toys to manage sensitivity. If your cat becomes overstimulated and aggressive during catnip play, separate them and wait for the effect to pass before resuming interactive play. The aggressiveness from catnip is not dangerous but should be managed by not leaving catnip toys out permanently.
2. Petstages Catnip-Free Springs
For cats who are sensitive to or aggressive on catnip, Petstages Catnip-Free Springs offer a different kind of stimulation: pure physical engagement. These large coiled springs bounce, flex, and make mild noise — engaging cats through movement and sound rather than scent.
Why it works: The spring shape is inherently playful — they compress and spring back in ways that mimic prey movements. Cats who are indifferent to static or scented toys will often engage immediately with the Springs. They are also durable enough for heavy kicking and bunny-kicking sessions without losing their shape or structural integrity.
What to know: These are not chew-proof. Supervise use if your cat is an aggressive chewer, and replace once the springs lose their tension or structural integrity. They are also large enough that swallowing one whole is not a realistic risk — one of the safer self-play options for households with compulsive chewers.
Best Kickers and Tackle Toys
Bunny-kicking is one of the most important play behaviours for cats, and yet it is the one most often overlooked by pet parents who only use wand toys. Kicker toys allow cats to practise the killing bite and full-body grappling motion that they would use on real prey. This behaviour is especially important for cats who are desexed, as they retain kitten-like play instincts well into adulthood and need outlets for that energy.
1. Da Kick Cat Kicker Toy
Da Kick was designed specifically to facilitate the bunny-kick sequence. It is longer and more robust than standard kicker toys, giving cats room to use both front paws and both back legs in the full grappling motion that would be used on real prey.
Why it works: The elongated shape and stuffed-for-firmness fill encourage the full-body engagement of a hunting sequence. The textured surface satisfies the tactile component of the hunt — cats have highly sensitive paws and the texture provides a grip that smooth fabric cannot. Many behaviourists note that cats who display predatory aggression during play benefit significantly from regular kicker sessions.
What to know: Place this toy in an area where your cat can sprawl fully on their side — they need room for the full kick. Rotating it with other toys keeps it interesting. This is a good toy for cats who have been recently adopted and are still building confidence with play — the firm fill makes it feel substantial without being intimidating.
2. Cat Dancer Endless Bunny Kick
A hybrid toy that combines the Cat Dancer's wire action with a kicker element, the Endless Bunny Kick gives you two play modes in one toy. You can use it as a wand teaser for interactive sessions or place it on the floor for solo kicker practice.
Why it works: The dual functionality means the toy works during both supervised and unsupervised play. The kicker portion is filled with catnip and crafted from crinkly material that adds auditory feedback — an element of prey simulation that many kicker toys lack. The crinkle sound activates the audio hunting pathway alongside the tactile and olfactory pathways, creating a more complete prey simulation.
What to know: This toy is less durable for aggressive chewers than dedicated kicker toys. Replace the kicker sleeve when it begins to flatten or lose its crinkle quality. The wire base should be stored carefully to prevent bending or tangling.
Comparison: Top 5 Cat Toys for Indoor Cats
| Toy | Category | Best For | Interactive | Durability | Price Point |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cat Dancer | Wand / Solo | All cats, all ages | Both | Medium | $ |
| Da Bird! | Wand | Active hunters, behaviour-focused owners | Yes | High | $$$ |
| Nina Ottolassie DogBrick | Puzzle Feeder | Food-motivated cats, mealtime enrichment | Solo | High | $$ |
| Yeowww! Banana | Kicker / Catnip | Full-body play, catnip-responding cats | Solo | Medium | $ |
| Cat Amazing Solo Feeder | Puzzle Feeder | Slow feeders, cognitive enrichment | Solo | High | $$ |
How to Build a Play Routine
Owning the best cat toys means nothing if they are not used correctly. A pile of abandoned toys in the corner is not enrichment — it is clutter. Here is how to build a play routine that genuinely improves your indoor cat's quality of life, drawing on established feline enrichment science.
The Hunt Sequence Matters
Cats are not simply entertained by moving objects. They are fulfilled by completing a hunting sequence. This means starting slow — moving the wand toy in a low, tentative way that triggers the crouch and stalk — and then building to a burst of movement that ends in the catch. The catch moment is critical. Without it, cats can become frustrated and anxious rather than satisfied.
Always end interactive play sessions by letting your cat physically capture the toy and hold it for a few seconds. This satisfies the final stage of the hunt and signals completion. A cat who has completed the full hunt sequence will typically groom briefly and then settle into a restful sleep — a reliable sign that the session was genuinely enriching.
Rotation Prevents Boredom
Cats do not experience novelty the way humans do. A toy that has been sitting out for weeks is no longer interesting — it is part of the furniture. The simplest fix is rotation: keep five or six toys in a closed box, put three out for a week, then swap them.
Storing toys out of sight and reintroducing them every few days is a technique used by shelter enrichment programs, and it works remarkably well even for cats who live in stable, comfortable homes. The key is that the toy must be completely out of sight — not just moved to another room — for the reintroduction to feel novel.
Age-Appropriate Play
Young kittens need high-energy, fast-moving toys and frequent sessions — think five to ten minutes of active play, three or more times per day. Their coordination is still developing and they need to burn enormous amounts of energy. Adult cats may be satisfied with two sessions of 10 to 15 minutes. Senior cats often need the slowest, most tentative movements and may prefer batting at stationary toys over leaping and chasing.
For senior cats or those with mobility issues, placing toys on elevated surfaces so cats do not need to leap is an important adjustment. Puzzle feeders placed at head height are also easier for arthritic cats to access without bending down. If your senior cat has mobility concerns, our senior cat care guide covers environmental modifications that can help.
Multiple Cats: Managing Play Fairly
In multi-cat households, competition can disrupt enrichment. One cat may guard toys or monopolise the puzzle feeder, leaving others stressed and under-stimulated. The solution is to provide multiple puzzle feeders in different rooms and to conduct at least one interactive wand session per day individually — separate from group play.
If one cat is significantly more active than the others, schedule individual sessions before group play to drain some of that energy. Separating cats into different rooms for individual play sessions ensures that the higher-energy cat does not intimidate the more timid one away from toys. This is especially important in households where one cat has a history of food guarding.
Matching Toys to Cat Personalities
Just like people, cats have individual play preferences. Some cats are ambush predators who prefer toys that hide and wait; others are pursuit predators who want fast-moving targets. Watch which style your cat naturally defaults to and choose toys that match. An ambush-predator cat will quickly lose interest in a toy that never stops moving, while a pursuit-predator cat will ignore a toy that sits still.
The easiest way to identify your cat's play style is to watch them during an uncontrolled moment of play — the style they default to when they are fully engaged with an interesting toy is their natural hunting style. Once you know it, you can choose toys and play patterns that suit them rather than frustrating them with the wrong approach.
Safety Considerations
Several toy categories carry specific safety risks that every indoor cat parent should know. Enrichment should never come at the cost of your cat's physical safety.
String and Ribbon Hazards
Never leave wand toy strings unattended. Cats can swallow long strings, leading to linear foreign body obstructions — a surgical emergency that can be fatal if not caught quickly. After interactive sessions, store wand toys in a closed drawer. This is one of the most common causes of emergency vet visits related to toys, and it is entirely preventable.
Small Parts and Detachable Components
Toy eyes, bells, and feathers can detach and be swallowed. Inspect toys regularly and replace any that are fraying or have loose components. The risk is highest with toys that have glued-on parts rather than sewn ones — glue can degrade over time, especially with heavy use and washing.
Catnip Sensitivity
While catnip is not toxic to cats, some cats become aggressive or overly stimulated during catnip exposure. If your cat becomes biting or hyperactive during catnip play, remove the toy and wait for the effect to pass — typically 15 to 30 minutes. Do not leave catnip toys out permanently if your cat shows this reaction, as it can lead to chronic overstimulation.
Rubber and Foam Products
Some cats chew and swallow rubber or foam pieces from toys not designed for heavy chewing. Choose rubber toys from reputable manufacturers that state their products are non-toxic and designed for pets. Avoid any toy that states it is for supervised use only if you cannot guarantee supervision. For cats who are compulsive chewers, solid rubber toys like Kong products designed for dogs are a safer choice than foam alternatives.
Recognising Toy Wear
Inspect all toys regularly for signs of wear: frayed fabric, loose stitching, exposed stuffing, or detached small parts. A toy that looks worn should be retired, even if your cat still loves it. A toy that breaks during play and is swallowed is not a risk worth taking for the sake of a few more weeks of use.
FAQ
What are the best cat toys for indoor cats?
The best cat toys for indoor cats include interactive wand toys like Cat Dancer and Da Bird!, puzzle feeders like Nina Ottolassie DogBrick, crinkle balls, and kicker toys like the Yeowww Banana. These toys satisfy your cat's hunting instincts, provide mental stimulation, and help burn off energy without needing outdoor access.
How often should I rotate my indoor cat's toys?
Rotate your indoor cat's toys every 3 to 5 days to keep them interesting. Storing toys out of sight for a week and then reintroducing them makes old toys feel new again, preventing boredom and keeping your cat engaged. This is a technique recommended by shelter behaviourists and works well in home environments.
Are puzzle feeders good for indoor cats?
Yes, puzzle feeders are excellent for indoor cats. They satisfy hunting instincts, slow down eating, provide mental stimulation, and help prevent obesity — a common concern for indoor cats. Start with easier puzzles like the Nina Ottolassie DogBrick and increase difficulty as your cat develops their problem-solving skills.
Do indoor cats need different toys than outdoor cats?
Indoor cats benefit most from toys that simulate hunting experiences since they cannot hunt real prey. Wand toys, puzzle feeders, and interactive toys are particularly valuable for indoor cats because they provide the mental and physical stimulation that outdoor cats would otherwise get from exploring and hunting.
How many toys should an indoor cat have?
Most experts recommend having 5 to 10 toys available for an indoor cat, but not all out at once. A good approach is to have 3 to 4 toys available at a time and rotate them weekly. Too many toys can overwhelm a cat, while too few can lead to boredom and behavioural problems.
Are laser pointers good for indoor cats?
Laser pointers can provide good exercise for indoor cats but should not be the only toy used. Cats can become frustrated without the satisfaction of catching prey. Always end laser play sessions by directing the beam to a physical toy or treat so your cat gets the reward of a successful hunt. Studies on feline stress show that the frustration of never catching the prey can lead to anxiety-related behaviours over time.
Sources and Methodology
- American Association of Feline Practitioners. "Indoor Cat Initiative." AAFP Clinical Guidelines, 2024. catvets.com
- Ellis, S.L. et al. "Environmental enrichment: a practical guide for pet cats." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Vol. 21, Issue 5, 2019.
- Delfour, F. and Webster, M. "A systematic review of behavioural changes in cats following environmental enrichment." Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Vol. 239, 2021.
- Bradshaw, J.W.S. "The behaviour of the domestic cat, 2nd edition." CABI Publishing, 2012.
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. "Indoor cat enrichment and environmental needs." Penn Vet Clinical Resources, 2023.
- Bradshaw, J.W.S., et al. "A review of cat behaviour research relevant to the pet cat." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Vol. 18, Issue 3, 2016.
Author Bio
Rachel Mercer is a certified Feline Behaviour Specialist with over a decade of experience working with cat welfare organisations and private behaviour clients. She has contributed to the Journal of Feline Behaviour and works closely with veterinary clinics across North America to develop enrichment programmes for indoor cat populations. Her approach to feline enrichment is grounded in ethological research, with an emphasis on meeting the behavioural needs of cats in domestic environments rather than simply managing their behaviour. When not writing about cats, she is likely being ignored by her own three cats: Miso, Biscuit, and Pepper.